Neumonía atípica en pacientes pediátricos, resistencia al tratamiento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR20225.7.4.2023.1878-1897Palabras clave:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, mecanismo de resistencia, mutación, deleciónResumen
Introducción: La neumonía atípica en pacientes pediátricos representa un desafío clínico significativo, caracterizado por su presentación clínica insidiosa y patrones de resistencia al tratamiento convencional. Esta condición es causada típicamente por patógenos que no se identifican en las pruebas rutinarias para neumonía, incluyendo Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae y Legionella spp.
Objetivo: La presente investigación tuvo como finalidad revisar la literatura científica actual referente a la neumonía atípica en pacientes pediátricos, con énfasis en la resistencia al tratamiento.
Metodología: Se efectuó un estudio bibliográfico minucioso en repositorios de datos como PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar, utilizando palabras clave como “neumonía atípica pediátrica”, “resistencia antibiótica” y “tratamiento”. El conjunto final seleccionado abarcó 45 publicaciones que cumplieron los requisitos de inclusión predefinidos.
Resultados: La investigación destacó un patrón emergente de resistencia a macrólidos en M. pneumoniae, con tasas que varían geográficamente. La presentación clínica de casos resistentes no difiere significativamente de la neumonía típica, aunque se observa una duración prolongada de síntomas.
Conclusiones: subrayan la necesidad de protocolos diagnósticos más eficientes que identifiquen rápidamente patógenos y su resistencia. Es crucial adaptar los tratamientos a la resistencia local y reforzar la prevención mediante vacunación y control de infecciones. La investigación para desarrollar nuevas terapias antimicrobianas y alternativas de tratamiento para estos pacientes es fundamental. La prevención y una estrategia de tratamiento informada y actualizada se vuelven esenciales para combatir esta condición creciente en la población infantil.
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