SEGURIDAD DE LA INMUNIZACIÓN CONTRA COVID-19 EN MUJERES EMBARAZADAS ADULTAS: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR20225.7.2.2023.1132-1159Palabras clave:
COVID-19, embarazo, vacuna, complicacionesResumen
Con la declaración de la pandemia, la comunidad científica dirigió sus esfuerzos en contener el nuevo Coronavirus, aunado a la creación de vacunas seguras y eficaces. Con el fin de evaluar la seguridad de las vacunas contra COVID -19 en mujeres embarazadas se realizó una revisión sistemática registrada en PROSPERO (385096). Siguiendo las directrices de PRISMA-P; las referencias, se cargaron en el software Rayyan. Para el análisis del sesgo de estudios se utilizó escala ROBINS de Cochrane. Se evaluó la posibilidad de metaanálisis a través del cálculo de Odds Ratio, con intervalo de confianza 95% para medir el tamaño del efecto, el análisis de heterogeneidad entre los estudios mediante el método Mantel – Haenszel y el inverso de la varianza. Debido a la alta heterogeneidad entre estudios, se realizó un análisis de subgrupos por tipo de riesgo de sesgo serio y por tipo de estudios de cohorte retrospectiva. Los cálculos y el diseño del Forest plot se realizó en el programa RevMan5. La hemorragia postparto, se presentó mayormente en mujeres vacunadas; el evento pequeño para la edad gestacional, parto pretérmino e ingreso a UCIN, se presentó mayormente en mujeres no vacunadas. En el análisis de sensibilidad la vacuna se presentó como factor protector en mujeres embarazadas para prevenir la ruptura prematura de membranas (OR 0,48; IC95% 0.29-0.79). A pesar del análisis por subgrupos, no se logró una heterogeneidad aceptable para realizar metaanálisis. Se concluye que la vacunación de madres embarazadas no representa gran riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones materno- neonatales.
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