Infecciones bacterianas en pacientes con desnutrición infantil a nivel mundial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR20225.8.3.2024.2410-2431Palabras clave:
Bacterias, epidemiologia, inanición, infantes, infecciones.Resumen
Los niños que sufren de desnutrición son particularmente más vulnerables a desarrollar infecciones bacterianas, ya que la desnutrición debilita el sistema inmunológico, lo que hace que los niños se vuelvan más susceptibles a este tipo de infecciones. El objetivo principal del estudio fue determinar las infecciones bacterianas en pacientes con desnutrición infantil a nivel mundial. La metodología que se empleó para la elaboración del documento fue descriptiva, de diseño documental mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Entre los resultados más relevantes se encontró que; la prevalencia de estas infecciones es muy elevada sobre todo en países pobres o en vía de desarrollo, llegando a prevalecer hasta en un 85% en Arabia Saudi, seguida de Perú en un 82%, Ecuador 79% e India 64%; el tipo de infecciones con mayor frecuencia presentadas es la neumonía bacteriana la cual sugiere tener una carga y mortalidad más elevada, la bacteriemia y meningitis; sistemas inmunitarios debilitados, una respuesta inmune deteriorada, alteraciones en el microbioma intestinal y la exposición a patógenos afecta la capacidad de los niños para combatir eficazmente las infecciones bacterianas. Se concluyó que la epidemiología de las infecciones bacterianas en niños exhibe una diversidad marcada, influida por el grupo de edad y las bacterias particulares; las infecciones en el tracto urinario son las más comúnmente reportadas en niños de corta edad; las infecciones bacterianas y la desnutrición en niños destaca una estrecha relación que abarca varios aspectos de la salud infantil, la desnutrición emerge como un factor de riesgo significativo.
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