Trastornos auditivos dentro del trastorno del espectro autista.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR20225.7.3.2023.3398-3417Palabras clave:
Autismo, Audición, Trastorno, Hiperacusia, HipoacusiaResumen
El trastorno del Espectro Autista es una alteración del neurodesarrollo que agrupa una serie de disfunciones tanto verbales como cognitivas, alteraciones motoras y, principalmente de la comunicación; se presenta de manera temprana, comúnmente se la diagnostica alrededor de los 5 años o incluso en la adultez cuando se trata de un trastorno leve, este afecta más comúnmente a hombres que a mujeres en una relación 4:1 en alrededor del 2% de la población. Este presenta unas manifestaciones clínicas muy clásicas como el aleteo o los comportamientos repetitivos, pero lo que más llama la atención es que, a menudo, se presenta con alteraciones auditivas; las más comunes son la hipoacusia, que se presenta en una menor cantidad de casos pero es la que mayor efecto tiene en el desarrollo del paciente y, por otro lado, la hiperacusia, la cual se presenta más comúnmente y se encuentra dentro de un síndrome denominado disminución de la tolerancia al ruido, mismo que se caracteriza por la unión de la hiperacusia, misofonía y fonofobia. Si bien no se conoce la causa de estas alteraciones, se presume que puede deberse a una actividad neural aumentada, la presencia de un desbalance en el radio excitatorio e inhibitorio de la neurotransmisión o incluso un mal funcionamiento del tallo cerebral
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