Manejo de Espondilolistesis degenerativa lumbar: revisión bibliográfica.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR20225.7.3.2023.3119-3136Palabras clave:
Espondilolistesis, Tratamiento Conservador, Fusión Vertebral, Descompresión Quirúrgica, Calidad de Vida.Resumen
Introducción: la espondilolistesis lumbar degenerativa (ELD) es una patología definida como el desplazamiento anterior de una vértebra en relación a la vértebra subyacente, dentro de las patologías de columna presenta una incidencia a nivel mundial de 20.7% y en América Latina 18%. Predominante en el sexo femenino y suele afectar con mayor frecuencia al segmento L4-L5. Con un manejo controversial debido a las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas. Objetivo: proporcionar una guía adecuada para el manejo de la ELD. Metodología: se llevó a cabo una exhaustiva revisión de las bases de datos de ciencias de la salud disponibles hasta julio de 2023, buscando artículos relevantes sobre la EDL, obteniendo 17 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios para elaborar el presente trabajo. Resultados: se determinó que el tratamiento conservador se lo realiza en casos leves tomando en cuenta varios factores como: edad, comorbilidad, deslizamiento de acuerdo a la clasificación de Meyerding, mientras que la intervención quirúrgica se fundamenta en la descompresión quirúrgica, fusión intervertebral y reparación directa del defecto ístmico. Conclusiones: el manejo de la patología es complejo y depende de múltiples variables, como la intensidad de los síntomas, deslizamiento vertebral, la presencia de estenosis espinal, fracaso del tratamiento conservador, además de decisión del cirujano.
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